Cosmology and the Bible Essays -- cosmology, universe

As one grows older, he begins to question life and how the universe was made. Therefore, it is vital that he has a solid worldview. This worldview has its foundation in cosmology. Cosmology is defined as the branch of science concerned with origin, structure, changes, and the final destiny of the universe. Therefore, the importance of origins/cosmology in a worldview is that it shapes how one sees the universe. Without studying cosmology, one would not have a firm foundation for his worldview because he would not understand how or why the universe was formed. Through the study of cosmology, one is able to better understand how the universe was formed and how it will one day become. Therefore, cosmology affects a worldview because it sets a foundation for the perspective of the person because it explains how the world and living things came about. Thus, once someone determines the origin of the universe, he is able to build the rest of his worldview around th at one idea. In order for cosmology affect one’s worldview, he must first study it so that he is able to better understand it. This theory can be demonstrated in Spurgeon’s article, â€Å"Astronomy As a Source of Illustration†. Spurgeon opens his article with the statement, â€Å"every student for the Christian ministry ought to know at least something of every science, he should intermeddle with every form of knowledge that may be useful in his life’s work. God has made all things that are in the world to be our teachers† (Spurgeon 404). This statement could not be more true. Through studying cosmology, students are able to understand more about the universe that God has created. Thus, learning more about God and building the foundation for their world... ...on event. However, it is important to keep in mind that the theory must be aligned with the Bible. Works Cited Moffett, Rick. "Reliability of the Bible." Kenosha Christian Life School, Kenosha. 2011. Lecture. Moffett, Rick. "Worldviews-Biology/Geology." Kenosha Christian Life School, Kenosha. 2012. Lecture. The Privileged Planet. Dir. Lad Allen. Perf. John Rhys-Davies. Illustra Media, 2005. Black Board. BlackBoard. Blackboard Inc, 2014. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. Ross, Hugh. Why the Universe Is the Way It Is. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2008. Print. Schroeder, Gerald. "Chapter 4: The Six Days of Genesis." The Science of God: The Convergence of Scientific and Biblical Wisdom. New York: Free, 2009. 60-61. Print. Spurgeon, C. H. "Astronomy As a Source of Illustration." Lectures to My Students. Fearn, Ross-shire: Christian Heritage, 1998. 404-409. Print.

John Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse Essay

â€Å"Lost in the Funhouse† explores the many layers of the theme â€Å"illusion of reality.† This concept is first introduced in the second paragraph as the explanation of initials or blanks replacing proper names in fiction-writing. The â€Å"attempt† at disguising a place name by shortening it, is really a tool used by authors to make a place seem real, in need of disguising. John Barth explains that this tactic is merely an â€Å"illusion of reality.† In the following pages of this story, the theme â€Å"illusion of reality† is present in the funhouse and self-perception during adolescence. The illusion of reality is a concept manifested in a funhouse. The funhouse itself is an illusion, with its rooms of mirrors that distort reality, moving floors and walls that disorient you, and its mazelike qualities that take you away from the realities of life. A funhouse is an alternative world, one meant for lovers embarking on a new adventure together. Ambrose can see its falseness from his single perspective and is aware of its deceptive powers. He is aware of the perversion inherent in the funhouse, the sleazy goals of sexual gratification disguised as child-like pleasures. To be lost in a funhouse is symbolic of the confusing and disorienting aspects of adolescence and particularly the sexual aspects of puberty. One’s perception of the self during adolescence can also be an illusion of reality. At one point in the story, we are led to believe that Ambrose is to be forever lost in this funhouse. This is representative of Ambrose’s fear that he will die illusioned, never sure of who he really is. Being lost in a funhouse alone is very much like particularly painful stages of adolescence. It is a place of romance, but for Ambrose it is a scary and confusing place, where he is still too young to be a part of the romance, but old enough to recognize and have that desire. These feelings are not only contained to adolescence, the sensation of being outside the fold and being unable to make sense of one’s emotions are present throughout life. Barth puts it best, â€Å"We will never get out of the funhouse† (9).

The Most Important Right Freedom Of Speech - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1412 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Freedom of Speech Essay Did you like this example? With the creation of an independent America in 1776, there was the creation and drafting of the United States constitution. The constitution is made up of three parts, the preamble, articles and amendments, and the major principles of government. In the first amendment, there are rights granted to American citizens, the most important of which is the freedom of speech. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Most Important Right: Freedom Of Speech" essay for you Create order This freedom enables American citizens to be truly free. Without the freedom of speech, citizens would be deprived of all the other rights stated and granted to them in the first amendment of the constitution. They would not be able to have the freedom of press, the freedom to assemble and peaceably protest, or the freedom to petition the Government. The fourth freedom mentioned in the first amendment is the freedom of press. This is the freedom of the American people to circulate opinions in the press, or in print, without the government being able to censor what they say. It was the censorship of press from England that inspired Congress to allow for freedom of press in America. This is because Congress and constitution drafters were already familiar with the defects of living under a government capable of censoring the press (Chafee). In sight of the previous oppression that the English had encountered, drafters decided to provide the newly independent Americas printers with the ability to create what they wanted in the paper and spread it throughout their communities. Limiting the freedom of press would allow the government to have full control over what can and cannot be printed. To this day, the freedom of press serves as a watchdog for the people, exposing the excesses and failings of government (Freedom Of Press). With full power over the press, the government would have the ability to take what they wanted out of the press and, more likely than not, put what they wanted in.This would result in the press becoming a government run entity, for the government, rather than run by the people, and for the people. Without the freedom of speech, the freedom of press would be non-existent. Even with the freedom of press, the government would still have the ability to censor what is said and what is written about in th e paper. Without freedom of speech, there is no freedom of press. On January 21st, 2017, women across America took to the streets in mass numbers to protest for womens rights. They marched in advocacy for health care and immigration reform (Gale Student Resources in Context) as well as other prevalent issues they felt were present at the time in America. Without the freedom of the people to peaceably assemble, these women as well as other activists such as Martin Luther King Jr., Cesar Chavez, and Jane Addams would not have had the ability to protest and strike against their governments and Unions in order to fight for what they believed in and what they felt they deserved to have whether it was suffrage, rights, and higher wages. Students across America conducting walkouts and protesting gun laws would be silenced and unable to advocate for changes in their schools and local governments. An example of such would have been the March For Our Lives protest in which high school students advocating for gun control reform in the United States (Gale Student Resources in Context) took to the streets with parents and concerned adults nationwide in order to make a change.Without the freedom of speech, women, students, men, healthcare workers, union members, and all other citizens alike would not have the freedom to assemble and protest for change. Without the freedom of speech, the government would have the ability to shut down any assembly under grounds that the people were violating a law by using their voices so speak out and move against what the government had set in place. Without the freedom of speech, there would most likely be little to no change in the way our government conducted itself and treated its citi zens. One of the lesser known rights guaranteed in the first amendment is the freedom to petition the government. The freedom to petition allows the U.S. people to collect signatures in order to appeal to the government, or some other authority, for a particular cause. Today, there are multiple petition sites with ongoing petitions that trend in order to attempt to change the way entities within the U.S., including the government, function and handle themselves. One such site is Change.org, sites like this are dedicated to educating people about political concerns and offer those same people the chance to change the world around them. Those sites can even be used for general issues pertaining to businesses, the way an app may have changed, or to call attention to an injustice that has gone unnoticed and un-acted upon. In the tangible world, citizens have the ability to circulate physical documents to obtain signatures in order to show the government that changed is desired. Before 1920, women had little to no voice in the government and relied strongly on petitions in order to provide a driving force for themselves and the suffrage movement. In 1864, the The Womens National Loyal League provided Massachusetts Senator, Charles Sumner, with enormous rolls of paper containing 100,000 signatures (Sumner) to urge congress to emancipate all slaves. With this petition of 100,000 people, congress was provided with just a small outlook on the citizens that opposed slavery openly and voluntarily. Without the freedom of speech, these women, and other petition signers, would not have been able to express their opinions openly without fear of persecution from the very government which they wished and were attempting to change. Without the freedom of speech, the government would have the ability to contest any speech, printed words, posters, graffiti, posters, billboards, advertisements, or political cartoons that they found offensive. In North Korea, The government restricts all civil and political liberties for its citizens, including freedom of expression, assembly, association, and religion (Human Rights in North Korea). The citizens appear to live under a repressive set of laws in which using their expression can result in their persecution and punishment. The freedom of speech is inherently attached to a persons right to express themselves. The lack of freedom of speech leads the ruling government to be a ruling and oppressive hand that has complete control over their citizens through fear. Today in America, although the freedom of speech is not entirely infringed upon by the government, to some it is being violated by the very same people who the right is guaranteed to, American citizens. On some college campuses, speakers are being shut down and thrown out of their own events due to protesting by students who do not agree with the speakers agenda. In California, the University of Berkeley invited multiple speakers to their campus, the first of which was protested by a left-wing group called Antifa who cost the school nearly $100,000 in damage while pre-protesting a later-canceled talk by provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos (National Review). Another set of speakers invited to the school cost the school another $1.2 million dollars in security fees only to have one of the speakers actually perform his event only after threatening legal action at the proposed cancelling of his event. Although the freedom of speech is a right that all citizens wish to demonstrate, people need not only look towards the government for the censorship of the constitutional given right and they must be aware of what America would look like without it. Many people take the freedom of speech for granted and do not realize what could entirely happen without it. Although the first amendment guarantees many rights, without the freedom of speech, many of those rights would be seemingly useless, and the American people would find themselves in an expressionless country void of shared opinions in the paper, gatherings of like-minded peoples in protest, and petitioning of the government for a better tomorrow. Citizens must be wary however, that they do not find themselves preventing other citizens from accessing their constitutional rights, that they are not shutting others down simply because they do not agree or do not wish to hear what they have to say. The freedom of speech is the most important right guaranteed in the first amendment, for without it, American people would be deprived of most of their other first amendment rights, and could find themselves in a much less free United States Of America.

Self Identity Shaped by Traditions Essay - 1186 Words

Self Identity Shaped by Traditions The identity of ones self can largely be defined by ones culture and heritage. Family makes up the most part of your culture as well as the place you call home. To fully understand yourself you have to investigate all the cultures you are comprised of through your family and heritage. In â€Å"Everyday Use† Alice Walker takes a deeper look at the concept of heritage through the conflicted relationship of Mamma and her two daughters. The story shows was heritage will shape yourself along with your life to make you the person you are today. Culture is an important element of self- identity and contributes to how individuals view themselves and the community they live in. Family is our foundation. If we†¦show more content†¦Traditions are very important to keep going in families around the world. Most families have different traditions that they live by, and have different opinions about how to live their life. In this case, many people have their own opinions on â€Å"the sleepover question†. Amy raises the point of stating that to attempt to understand one’s teen can help them communicate better and additionally help influences their choices which promote more responsible sex education, even if that means agreeing to sleepovers. Through her study she explores American’s traditional â€Å"don’t ask, don’t tell† policy versus the Dutch’s accepting and open attitude. Teenager’s sexual activity is undeniable in today’s day and age and there is no po int attempting to hide it or sweep it under the rug anymore (Schalet 483). This shows that different cultures feel different ways and act upon situations very differently. The way people are raised will usually stay with them their whole lives, and eventually get passed down. For most American families, it’s tradition to not have the opposite sex sleep with you unless you live together or are married. This is something that is valued and passed down through generations. The ways in which people live within the community are passed down from generation to generation. Heritage is the commonality for the members within the community that builds feelings of belonging to their community. IShow MoreRelated Shaping Identity Essay839 Words   |  4 Pages Shaping Identity Identity. What is identity? One will say that it is the distinct personality of an individual. Others will say that identity is the behavior of a person in response to their surrounding environment. At certain points of time, some people search for their identity in order to understand their existence in life. In regards, identity is shaped into an individual through the social trials of life that involve family and peers, the religious beliefs by the practice of certain faithsRead MoreAndrew Solomon s An Elephant Crackup Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pageshave full control over their identities after they have received knowledge and have become shaped from external stimuli. These stimuli include the teaching process of humans which comes through tradition, schooling, and the actions of other humans and the influence of the organisms around them. Andrew Solomon, through â€Å"Son,† was able to use his experience of growing up and labeling himself as a gay dyslexic to show how h is environment and knowledge had shaped his identity and how it was viewed by othersRead MoreShaping Identity840 Words   |  4 PagesShaping Identity Identity. What is identity? One will say that it is the distinct personality of an individual. Others will say that identity is the behavior of a person in response to their surrounding environment. At certain points of time, some people search for their identity in order to understand their existence in life. In regards, identity is shaped into an individual through the social trials of life that involve family and peers, the religious beliefs by the practice of certain faithsRead MoreAnalysis Of Like Water For Chocolate By Laura Esquivel1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Journey to Self-Actualization No human being is completely free. Individuals’ values, ideas and identities are influenced, and to a certain degree, shaped by the cultures and societies they live in. However, by realizing identity, an individual can find a sense of independence, which subsequently leads towards self-actualization. In the novel â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate†, by Laura Esquivel, the protagonist, Tita, faces her journey from a young, submissive daughter to a strong, independentRead MoreColonialism has plagued indigenous people worldwide and has spelled disaster for countless800 Words   |  4 PagesColonialism has plagued indigenous people worldwide and has spelled disaster for countless cultures, languages, and traditions. Over the past 500 years there have been different phases of colonization in Africa as well as other various parts of earth. There were many reasons behind exploration and colonization including economic and tactical reasons, religion, and prestige. Colonialis m has shaped the contemporary understanding of individuals from Niger as well as other parts of Africa and other places tooRead MoreFeeling Home : The Bluest Eye1010 Words   |  5 Pagesin four chapters with an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter, feeling home: the kitchen as a self- empowering space in The Bluest Eye, explores the kitchen as a mimic of homeland for black Americans. It investigates the role of food as a way to keep the culture alive. Rafa Zafar argues thatâ€Å" remembering, writing about, and passing on recipes keep African American cultural traditions and personal stories alive†(Bower, 6). During the 1950s, after the losses that African Americans experiencedRead MoreDiana Der-Hovanessians Personal Influences on her Works1835 Words   |  7 PagesDiana Der-Hovanessian is a contemporary American poet of Armenian descent. Her literary contribution includes 25 books of poems and Armenian poetry translations into English. Der-Hovanessian’s upbringing in Worcester, Massachusetts shaped her early life as her family prospered and helped other Armenian immigrants find work and attend school. Her interest in translating Armenian poetry began when her father asked her to translate works of Armenian poet Daniel Varoujan. Since the 1980s Der-HovanessianRead MoreWhy is it Difficult to Define an Aboriginal Person?1336 Words   |  5 Pagesquestioned. Colonialism imposed Euro-Canadian standards on First Nations peoples, challenging socio-cultural traditions and norms in the process. The implications of this decision propagate a longstanding marginalization of Aboriginal peop le, which is still experienced today (Frideres and Gasacz 1). Historical circumstances have created an unbalanced dichotomy of Aboriginal identity: what their identity means to Aboriginal people, versus what Canada, particularly the country’s policy-makers, desire themRead MoreJewish People and Collective Memory: The Early Years of Zionist Settlement in Palestine1637 Words   |  7 Pagesessays, one of the main themes is the establishment of Jewish group identity; the negative diasporic identity Gordon creates is essential to compliment the positive future identity of the Jewish people. Following the definition of Fredrik Barth, group identity is created through shared fundamental cultural values and entails a membership that identifies themselves as members and which is identified by others as members. Group identity emerges when a group of people shares a common culture and this cultureRead MoreThe Naked Citadel By Cathy Davidson1554 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is form ed by the influence of various physical and psychological experiences that occurs throughout an individual’s life and reforms their identity. One’s identity is not made through a single event alone but through a series of events that changes it. Moreover, some events are more influential and powerful in the shaping of one s identity. Identity, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"The qualities, beliefs, etc., that make a particular person or group different from others†

Essay on Stereotyping Black People - 950 Words

Stereotyping is when something is believed about a group of people that is untrue or only partly true. When someone stereotypes against a group of people they tend to not understand that group or do not want to understand them. Black people, to me, are the most stereotyped race. They are stereotyped as being lazy, loud, they steal, love chicken and watermelon, the women get pregnant and the men are well-endowed. As humans we tend to allow negative stereotyping to determine our thoughts, feelings, and our lives in general. People start to believe things that are not true and teach others that it is acceptable and tolerable to do so. According to April Kemick, from the University of Toronto, it has been proven that stereotyping has a†¦show more content†¦Some studies have proven that eating chicken legs and feet can contribute in the reduction of high blood pressure. Watermelon also has nutritional benefits being as it is full of vitamins like Vitamin A, C and B6. It i s very low in calories and rich in potassium, even the seeds provide iron and fiber. Watermelon also aids in the anti-inflammation of arthritic joints. It is an antioxidant proven to help prevent heart attacks and cancer. Chicken and watermelon have plenty of wonderful qualities to keep a person healthy! There is a great deal of jokes and humility towards black people about this stereotype. There is a photo of a black man looking shocked and horrified because a watermelon is being chucked at him. On the bottom of the photo in bold letters it says â€Å"Flying watermelons if they only came with fried chicken this guy would shit himself.† There is also a white man standing behind him and another white person ready to catch the watermelon. In another photo there is an old white man holding KFC with two black men trying to beat him up to take his KFC. In the back ground there is a crowed of black people staring in awe of what is going on. In bold letters at the bottom of the photo it says â€Å"Bravery at its finest.† These photos represent what others think about black people. It is not right to only classify black people who love chicken and watermelon. Being a middle eastern I love to eat chicken and watermelon. Chicken andShow MoreRelatedThe Development of the Science of ‘Race’ Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pageseighteenth and nineteenth century (Gouldburg, 1990). People where trying to explain human differences and development, which gave way for a verity of racial classifications and racial stereotypes (Gouldburg, 1990), Gouldburg (1990: 266) states ‘this transformed into a pseudo- biological property of communal life’, as race became linked with traits and reflections of identity (Miles, 1982; Gouldburg, 1990; Back and Solomos, 2009). This form of racial stereotyping still exists today, as institutions such asRead MoreStereotypes, Stereotyping, And Stereotyping942 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes Most people have encountered stereotypical behavior, either by being stereotyped or by stereotyping a particular group of individuals themselves. This simplistic or overstated vague notion may occur consciously or unconsciously depending on a person’s perspective, his or her exposures to diverse cultures, as well as immediate social influences. Moreover, stereotyping has the potential to result in negative generalizations that may progenerate displaced anger towards scapegoats; howeverRead MoreStereotypes And Film Stereotypes1311 Words   |  6 Pagesof stereotypes from single moms to white people, black people, divorcees, and many more. According to (Macrae, Stangor, and Hewstone 1996), the basic assumption of approach is that, over time, people develop beliefs about the characteristics of the important social groups in their environment, and this knowledge influences their responses toward subsequently encountered individual members of those groups. In my opinion, we all ha ve been guilty of stereotyping someone. For an example, If I go in a neighborhoodRead MoreEssay about The Rotten Apple1131 Words   |  5 Pageslive in and the dead-end jobs described by my mom if I did otherwise. Not a lot of people would think this is a big deal. I mean, making a good first impression is one of the first things parents should be telling their kids to do right? I, however, get the lecture a lot when I was a kid. Heck, my mom called me last night to give me my fix. I seem to be unable to make any sort of good impression with lots of people. This is especially true with teachers. You had no idea the pain I went through tryingRead MoreBlack By Popular Demand, Perception, And Racial Profiling Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesBlack by Popular Demand â€Å"Perception† an editorial cartoon Johnathan Edwards created in 2012, speaks volumes to how black men are stereotyped in America. No matter how much success a black man achieves he will always be viewed as a â€Å"thug† in the eyes of society. The editorial cartoon features a young black man with his backpack, iPhone, and soda. The young man is being observed though glasses that see things from a different perspective, not actuality. â€Å"Perception† appeals to African American cultureRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By Robert Heilbroner982 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone in the world is familiar with racism and stereotyping, but many individuals may feel indifferent about those topics and do not wish to speak about them. Robert Heilbroner, the author of â€Å"Don’t Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgements† states that â€Å"Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world, a gossip that makes us pre-judge people before we ever lay eyes on them†(200). Racism has yet to become irrelevant and no matter how hard individuals try to eliminate racism, there will always be aRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. s `` I Have A Dream?852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, Blacks were denied their equal rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (I Have a Dream). The Emancipation Proclamation, written by Abraham Lincoln, supposedly freed all slaves but Blacks were still treated with disrespect. Blacks needed to have equal rights for many reasons. Blacks were mistreated, they were subjected to injustice and biased laws. Blacks were the â€Å"victims of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality†Read MoreEssay on Stereotyping in the Media1331 Words   |  6 Pagesplace. People of any color, race, or ethnicity, can go to the same school, restaurant, bathroom, and even date one another. The world is constantly changing and learning from its diverse inhabitants, so why hasn’t ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ the media been up to speed with the rest of the world? Race has increasingly become this social concept that the media has embraced and ran with. Inspiring millions, the media constantly transforms assumptions about particular groups of people into â€Å"realities.† (Media Stereotyping) TheRead MoreHow Stereotypes Affect Society Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesIn this world there are many things people are guilty of, one of those guilt’s is stereotyping others , even if it wasn’t meant in a harmful are neg ative way we all have been a victim or the aggressor . This paper will discuses what stereotypes are, how they affect people and how stereotypes can affect society. However, the common factor in either situation is that no good comes from stereotyping others. All most everyone in there lifetime has stereotyped others are have been a victim of stereotypesRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of The Media997 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience of being stereotyped just because of my race. The media has 2 side view of media, on the one side it helps people educate about stereotype and on the other side it also promotes stereotype.Stereotype is something that needs to stop, this is because stereotype gives people a misinterpretation of someone. Stereotype has been a topic from a long time, people has been judging how people without even knowing them only because of a certain stereotype. I believe that stereotype happens because of the

Lucent Case Study Free Essays

2. What financial statement adjustments will Lucent have to make to correct the revenue recognition problems announced in late 2000? Lucent recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable, including receivables of customers to which Lucent has provided customers financing, is probable. For sales generated from long-term contacts, primarily those related to customized network solutions and network build-outs, Lucent generally uses the percentage of completion method of accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucent Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the incident that SEC forced Lucent to restate the its financial results leading its stock price to decline 8. 5% in 2000, Lucent now records the sales revenue when the customers buy the Timing of revenue recognition is a crucial part in revenue recognition. According to US GAAP, revenue should be recognized when it is realized/realizable and earned (FASB, 1984, Para. 83). However, a number of software firms recognized revenue prior to product delivery or service performance in the past, which potentially violated one or both of the conditions of the revenue recognition principle. In response, AICPA released Statement of Position (SOP) 91-1 in Dec. 1991, which stipulated that if collectability is probable, license revenue should be recognized upon delivery and service revenue should be recognized ratably over the service arrangement. The research question for this article is: How revenue recognition timing affects attributes of reported revenue? This question is interesting because: 1) revenue recognition timing is important in financial reporting and standard setters have devoted much attention, 2) very limited empirical research examining revenue recognition timing has been conducted, 3) software revenue recognition is unique as transfer of rights is achieved by license rather than on-the-spot sale of products. The main hypotheses for this article and their intuitions are: 1) Early revenue recognition increases the timeliness of reported revenue. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition better influences decisions by providing more timely information. 2) However, it will lead to greater uncertainty in reported revenue. Its intuition is: changes may not be foreseen at the time of contract signing. 3) Time-series predictability of revenue is lower under early revenue recognition. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition results in higher estimation error and therefore reduces the time-series predictability. How to cite Lucent Case Study, Free Case study samples Lucent Case Study Free Essays 2. What financial statement adjustments will Lucent have to make to correct the revenue recognition problems announced in late 2000? Lucent recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable, including receivables of customers to which Lucent has provided customers financing, is probable. For sales generated from long-term contacts, primarily those related to customized network solutions and network build-outs, Lucent generally uses the percentage of completion method of accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucent Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the incident that SEC forced Lucent to restate the its financial results leading its stock price to decline 8. 5% in 2000, Lucent now records the sales revenue when the customers buy the Timing of revenue recognition is a crucial part in revenue recognition. According to US GAAP, revenue should be recognized when it is realized/realizable and earned (FASB, 1984, Para. 83). However, a number of software firms recognized revenue prior to product delivery or service performance in the past, which potentially violated one or both of the conditions of the revenue recognition principle. In response, AICPA released Statement of Position (SOP) 91-1 in Dec. 1991, which stipulated that if collectability is probable, license revenue should be recognized upon delivery and service revenue should be recognized ratably over the service arrangement. The research question for this article is: How revenue recognition timing affects attributes of reported revenue? This question is interesting because: 1) revenue recognition timing is important in financial reporting and standard setters have devoted much attention, 2) very limited empirical research examining revenue recognition timing has been conducted, 3) software revenue recognition is unique as transfer of rights is achieved by license rather than on-the-spot sale of products. The main hypotheses for this article and their intuitions are: 1) Early revenue recognition increases the timeliness of reported revenue. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition better influences decisions by providing more timely information. 2) However, it will lead to greater uncertainty in reported revenue. Its intuition is: changes may not be foreseen at the time of contract signing. 3) Time-series predictability of revenue is lower under early revenue recognition. Its intuition is: early revenue recognition results in higher estimation error and therefore reduces the time-series predictability. How to cite Lucent Case Study, Free Case study samples

Dar Stamp Act Essay Example For Students

Dar Stamp Act Essay The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act was an important act introduced by the Britishprime minister George Grenville and it was passed in March 1765 by theBritish Parliament. Its purpose was to raise money for the British armystationed in the American colonies. The Stamp Act required tax stampsfor public documents such as, newspapers, legal documents, customsdocuments, licenses, playing cards, deeds, and almanacs. Since Britainwas left with a large national debt from the Seven Years War, theBritish government felt that since the colonies benefited that theyshould contribute to the expenses. The American colonies actedstrongly against this matter. During the Summer of 1765, there were many protests in thecolonies. These protests involved everyone from civic leaders to streetmobs. In many cities and towns the slogan became no taxation withoutrepresentation. The Sons of Liberty were a secret organization thatoften organized these protests. Many acts of violence and a lot ofpressure was centered towards the Stamp Agents. By fall almost allstamp agents resigned. The Virginia Assembly declared that the Stamp Act was unjustand illegal. The assembly passed resolutions against taxations by theBritish Parliament. The Massachusetts House of Representatives invitedall of the colonies to send delegates to a general congress. The coloniesthat accepted the invitation and sent delegates to the general congresswere New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, Delaware, RhodeIsland, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Massachusetts. In October of 1765 in New York City a Stamp Act Congress washeld. It represented nine colonies. The Stamp Act Congress declaredthat stamp taxes could not be collected without the peoples consent andthat the colonists right to be taxed was only by their own electedrepresentatives. Merchants agreed not to import British goods until thelaw was repealed. That lead to the British Parliament being bombardedby petitions from English merchants not importing their goods. ManyEnglish political leaders argued that the law was unenforceable. Finally on March 4, 1766 the Stamp Act was repealed by theBritish Parliament. The unity of the American colonists in theiropposition towards the Stamp Act contributed to the Americannationalists. The conflict between the British government and theAmerican colonists over the Stamp Act is considered one of the causesof the American Revolutionary War.